Among the reactions of Albanian political forces that followed the creation of the Albanian Right-Wing League, the statement by the Democratic Party aroused interest and curiosity. Various leaders and its press welcomed the above act, describing it as “a step directed against the restoration of communism,” while also voicing the idea of cooperation with the League’s political forces, perhaps not on the terms that led to the result of March 22. The platform of the Right-Wing League does not rule out coordination with other political forces that do not belong to this grouping on matters of a particular nature—for example, the national question—since, after all, Albania belongs to everyone, whether left-wing or right-wing. But the cooperation sought by the PD, under the banner of “the fight against the restoration of communism,” would mean cooperation to fight another political force. In this case, the situation is somewhat different. The 14-point political platform around which the parties of the Right-Wing League have united considers the position on lawful and inherited property to be the dividing line between the Right and the Left. In view of the positions taken by the PD, particularly while it was in power, regarding property—positions based on slogans such as “all Albanians are owners” or “the land belongs to the one who works it”—cooperation with the forces of the Right-Wing League would be as ineffective as it would be unconvincing. All the more so when, for the League, respect for the 14 points is considered sacred and indispensable. The platform likewise makes an alliance between any member of the League and the PD or any other force impossible. It may be assumed that by changing its program and bringing it into line with the demands of the Right-Wing League, the Democratic Party would overcome all obstacles to joining this coalition. But such a thing would not be productive, for several reasons. First, substantial proof would be required, capable of making amends for the PD’s positions toward lawful owners and former persecuted people in August of last year.

Private and state-run sellers are selling standard bread and specialty bread 200 to 400 g underweight. The true price of the bread we buy is much higher than what we think we pay. Standard bread and all other types of bread have been sold below their normal weight for a year and a half in all retail shops, both in Tirana and throughout the country. The weight of bread began to decrease gradually, by 200–400 g, toward the end of 1993, and this is still continuing today; its future appears quite uncertain. The ceiling price of bread was set by the Ministry of Finance in cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture, after calculating the prices of the raw materials and the cost required to make it. It was decided that standard bread would be sold at 20 lekë per kg. Thus, standard bread came to 40 lekë. But increases in the cost of electricity, water, steam and transport ate into the large profits of private and state-run bread sellers. Then, to keep their profits constant, the former private sellers and the state-run sellers began to manipulate the weight of bread, because they feared the Police over price increases when the price of flour rose. The weight of bread then gradually began to increase from 340 lekë. But consumption of these types of specialty bread is still not widespread. Albanian citizens remain consumers of the 2-kilogram loaves produced by bread factories in Tirana, Durrës, Lezhë, etc., accounting for 90% of consumption. Their capacity of 700 tons a day supplies the cities and villages. These factories compete with the 30 private bakeries in Tirana and other cities, and so the private businesses are seeking the bankruptcy of the state factories by any means. The citizens pay for this entire game of competition. But the private sellers of Tirana and the salespeople at the state bread factory calculate it all, and only in this way do they settle their accounts with history, justice and legitimacy. For here, and only in this way, they can be trusted solely on the basis of the profit the Tirana Bread Factory has made above the amount calculated. Apart from being profitable in 1994, it made 3 million lekë in profits, pays its workers 7,000 lekë a month and provides them with clothing and food. Likewise, the Tirana Flour Factory, at a price of 23.5 lekë for 1 kg of flour, makes an excess profit of 43 million lekë for 1994. Judging by the facts, the state is strong in the face of this competition, not only in terms of excess profits but also in confronting the phenomenon of bread fraud. How will it put a stop to it (continued on page 2)

... with the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps and the Ambassador of Romania to the Republic On 15.02.1995, the chairmen of the constituent entities of the LDSH: Mr. Kurt Kola, current chairman of the LDSH and chairman of the Association of Former Political Persecutees; Mr. Hysen Selfo, deputy chairman of the National Front Party; Mr. Remzi Ndreu, chairman of the Democratic Union Party; Mr. Guri Durallari, chairman of the Legality Movement Party; Mr. Sabri Godo, chairman of the Albanian Republican Party; and Mr. Haki Hajdari, chairman of the Association of Former Political and Economic Persecutees, were received by the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps and the Ambassador of Romania, Mr. George Miku. of Albania, Mr. George Miku On 15.02.1995, the chairmen of the constituent entities of the LDSH: Mr. Kurt Kola, current chairman of the LDSH and chairman of the Association of Former Political Persecutees; Mr. Hysen Selfo, deputy chairman of the National Front Party; Mr. Remzi Ndreu, chairman of the Democratic Union Party; Mr. Guri Durallari, chairman of the Legality Movement Party; Mr. Sabri Godo, chairman of the Albanian Republican Party; and Mr. Haki Hajdari, chairman of the Association of Former Political and Economic Persecutees, were received by Romania, Mr. George Miku. The LDSH representatives emphasized that Bucharest was, in the early years of this century, a center of Albanianism, where associations of Albanian patriots and their newspapers were founded. This friendly tradition is being renewed by Romania’s benevolent attitude toward Albania during these years of transition. The LDSH leaders explained the pressing reasons that led to its establishment. It was pointed out that the LDSH includes two of the country’s oldest parties, whose members were among those most persecuted under the communist re- (continued on page 2)

In implementing its program, the Albanian Right-Wing League considers it necessary to regulate its internal functioning and coordinate its actions in accordance with the points of this protocol. 1. The League’s governing forum will be the plenary meeting of the leaderships, to be held between the 1st and 5th of each month, with three representatives from each party. 2. The plenary meeting will examine political, economic and social issues and make decisions on a common position regarding all matters related to implementing the program. Decisions will be made by a two-thirds majority and will be binding on all parties. 3. The plenary meeting decides on the admission of new members, participation in the coalition, and gives final approval to the list of candidates for general and local elections. 4. Each month, the Plenary Meeting elects a chairman to direct the League’s activities for that month. It also elects an administrative secretary for one year, to maintain the League’s documentation and resolve technical issues. The secretary participates in meetings without voting rights. 5. The chairman of the League’s Coordinating Commission. The Commission will have the following functions: a) To discuss in advance matters of common interest and recommend to the plenary meeting of the leaderships the issues to be considered and the relevant proposals. b) To make the technical preparations for the League’s joint political activities, such as meetings and public demonstrations, and coordinate the organization of the press available to the League, for the real implementation of the program. c) To study and prepare material for electoral campaigns. In cooperation with the League’s district structures, to prepare the League’s candidate lists for elections at all levels and submit them to the Plenary Meeting for approval. d) The Coordinating Commission will hold weekly meetings every Monday and will operate according to the rules adopted for plenary meetings of the leaderships. 6. The League will seek legal status and will have its own emblem and seal, to be used only alongside the signatures of the chairman of the month and the administrative secretary, to authenticate documents in correspondence with state institutions and in the League’s relations abroad. 7. This protocol, which may be improved during practical activity, will serve to unite efforts effectively toward the great goal for which the League was founded and which is clearly expressed in its program. Feeling our responsibility for the fate of the country at this crossroads, we emphasize once again that political divisions and individual tendencies, from which our Nation has historically suffered, will in no case hinder the strengthening and development of the Albanian Right-Wing League. National Front Party Legality Movement Party Democratic Union Party Albanian Republican Party Association of Former Political Persecutees Association of Former Political and Economic Persecutees

I greet with great pleasure and congratulate from the heart the parties involved…

On 14.02.1995, the heads of the LDSH member organizations—namely Mr. Kurt Kola, the current Chair of the LDSH, and the chairman of the Association of Former Political Prisoners, Mr. Hysen Selfo; the deputy chairman of the National Front Party, Mr. Remzi Ndreu; the chairman of the Democratic Union Party, Mr. Guri Durallari; the chairman of the Legality Movement Party, Mr. Sabri Godo, chairman of the Albanian Republican Party; and Mr. Haki Hajdari, chairman of the Association of Former Political and Economic Prisoners—were received by the Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Germany, Mr. Klaus Volers. On 14.02.1995, the heads of the LDSH member organizations—namely Mr. Kurt Kola, the current Chair of the LDSH, and the chairman of the Association of Former Political Prisoners, Mr. Hysen Selfo; the the chairman of the Democratic Union Party, Mr. Guri Durallari; the of the Association of Former Political and Economic Prisoners—were received by Volers. At this meeting, the heads of the LDSH member organizations presented their program. The LDSH representatives emphasized that the unification of the left-wing forces in Albania was being confirmed. The LDSH does not accept the return of socialism in any form and is determined to lead Albania toward a genuine pluralist democracy with a free-market economy. The efforts within the League pointed out that, in order to bring down communist rule during past election campaigns, they had supported the DP unreservedly, but it had failed to justify the trust placed in it by the broad ranks of former political prisoners and property owners, and by the people as a whole, who sought liberation from the communist system. Through its governance and policies, the party in power alienated the forces that had supported it in coming to power. The statements by the leaders of this party that they regard the LDSH as an ally have no basis. The League has a clear course of action toward the authorities and will insist on its 14-point program. To implement it, the League is moving into concrete activity and operating on the basis of a special protocol that will un... (continued on page 2)

On 15.02.1995, the heads of the constituent organizations of the LDSH, namely Mr. Kurt Kola, current Chair of the LDSH, and the chairman of the Association of Former Political Prisoners, Mr. Hysen Selfo; the deputy chairman of the PBK, Mr. Guri Durallari; the chairman of the Legality Movement Party, Mr. Sabri Godo; the chairman of the PRSH, Mr. Remzi Ndreu, chairman of the PB; and Mr. Haki Hajdari, chairman of the Association of Former Political and Economic Prisoners, were received by the Ambassador of Turkey, Mr. Metin Ornekol. On 15.02.1995, the heads of the constituent organizations of the LDSH, namely Mr. Kurt Kola, Association of Former Political Prisoners, Mr. Hysen Selfo; the deputy chairman of the PBK, Mr. Guri Durallari; the chairman of the Legality Movement Party, Mr. Sabri Godo; the chairman of the PRSH, Mr. Remzi Ndreu, chairman of the PB; Political and Economic Prisoners, were received by the Ambassador of Turkey, Mr. Metin Ornekol. In their presentation, that will un... (continued on page 2)

On 14.02.1995, the heads of the LDSH member organizations—namely Mr. Kurt Kola, current Chair of the LDSH, and the chairman of the Association of Former Political Prisoners, Mr. Hysen Selfo; the deputy chairman of the National Front Party, Mr. Remzi Ndreu; the chairman of the Democratic Union Party, Mr. Guri Durallari; the chairman of the Legality Movement Party, Mr. Sabri Godo, chairman of the Republican Party; and Mr. Haki Hajdari, chairman of the Association of Former Political and Economic Persecutees—were received by the Ambassador of the Italian Republic in Albania, Mr. Paolo Foresti. Kurt Kola, chairman of the National Front Party, Mr. Remzi Ndreu; chairman of the of Former Political and Economic Persecutees—were received by the Ambassador of the Italian Republic in Albania, Mr. Paolo Foresti. At the outset, the current Chair of the LDSH, Mr. Kurt Kola, expressed profound gratitude for the great assistance given to Albania by the Italian people and government during its most difficult days, especially through Operation Pelican and by receiving 20,000 Albanian emigrants in Italy, a number that increased over the years, most of them having been politically persecuted. Representatives of the Political and Economic Republican Party were politically persecuted. (continued on page 2)

I greet with great pleasure and congratulate from the heart the signatories to the founding agreement of the Albanian Right League, in the service of the nation, for radical changes for the benefit of the Albanian people and toward an Ethnic Albania. Mulosmani — from the heart the signatories to the founding agreement of the Albanian Right League, in the service of the nation, for radical changes for the benefit of the Albanian people and toward an Ethnic Albania. I commend the LDSH’s elevated and just national position on resolving the form of government through a nationwide referendum, because only in this way can we stand before history, justice, and legitimacy before the legendary Albanian people. I look forward with pleasure to other right-wing organizations joining the LDSH, with which we have previously made contact, in order to strengthen the LDSH. Minister of the Royal Court ABEDIN MULOSMANAJ

Prishtina, February 15 — At a meeting with compatriots in New York, the rector of the University of Tetova, Dr. Fadil Sulejmani, said that the University began operating today, February 15, the Prishtina newspaper “Bujku” reported. Alongside 600 students and 1,500 parents and citizens, cultural and political figures from among the Albanians in Macedonia are expected to attend the formal opening of the University of Tetova’s academic year. “We are very optimistic that everything will go as it should on this great and memorable day for the education of Albanians in Macedonia. Albanians are determined not to allow the University’s work to be interrupted under any circumstances. We will defend the University to the end,” rector Sulejmani said at the conclusion of his visit to the United States, where he spent a week. ATSH

The journalist’s ethics code draft Page 3 Germany facing the wave of foreigners Page 4 Some mental structures (m - l) in the PSSH program Page 3 Parallels between old and new owners Page 2

Abused by Albanian employees The European Community Center encoded its telephone number. This numbering was introduced as a result of the Albanian employees at the center abusing the telephone line. Under the guise of official communication with other countries around the world, dozens of calls by various individuals to the West were also being made. Verification of the time and location of the calls identified the center’s employees as responsible. Although this reclassification of the number has caused difficulties in the European Community’s communication with its representatives outside Tirana, the decision was implemented so that the telephone would be used only for official calls. E. C.

Love is a strange business. In the days around Valentine’s Day in Sh... many declarations of love received a negative answer. The Democrats professed their love to the Right, but got a cold “no.” They refused to be consoled by the love proposal that came from the Socialists on Valentine’s Day itself. Did they not believe the Socialists’ sincerity even on this day of love, or is something else going on? In any case, the Socialists are atheists and do not believe in Saint Valentine. This paralyzed love triangle looks set to last a long time precisely because of its mutual love. Only the Socialists received no declaration of love from any party or coalition. For this reason, I declare them the least erotic of the year. Although they are the left wing, that is, the side of the heart, they have not managed to break anyone’s heart. They broke a thousand hearts over fifty years. Brutal traits have always broken hearts; now they have softened. The right wing professed love to no one during these Valentine’s days. With hearts of ice, which even the party in power failed to warm, they made no overture to any of the left-wing groups. What should I do? Everyone wants the one someone else wants. For the circle to be complete, the right should have professed its love to the Socialists. Then the vicious circle would have closed, making Sh... Sh. But the Democrats seem to have it worst. Their hearts were split apart: half on the right, half on the left. And they love too It seems this is set to last a long time precisely because of thousands of made no overture to any of the left-wing groups. The Chronicler