From Mr. SABRI GODO’s meeting with the citizens of Fier on 12 March 1994 Are we for capitalism? This is the second time I have come to Fier in the space of one month. I will come whenever the Association Property with Justice and the Association of Economically and Politically Persecuted People do me the honor of inviting me. We must talk about ownership, which determines the form of the economic system. We must awaken argumentation, so that people will be convinced to support us. For this is not only a question concerning former owners, but one of development as a whole, and therefore it concerns everyone. Today, three systems are recognized in the world: the capitalist economy, the socialist economy, and the mixed economy. I am not a specialist, so I hope you will allow me to put the issue empirically. The Republican Party is for capitalism. In 150 years, this system created in the West the greatest production in the history of humanity. Marx waited for the development of capitalism to increasingly prove the workers right and make the owners ever richer, ultimately leading to world revolution. But the development of capitalism in the West brought prosperity to everyone. Let us mention only the fact that average life expectancy in North America and in some European countries reached 75 years. No other economic system could have done such a thing. We, too, would have been part of this development, making a second Switzerland, had we not taken the direction we took in 1945. As a result, we lost 50 years and fell 100 years behind. Now we must set out on the road to Switzerland, which is a typically capitalist country. We have the means. Some foreign economists estimate our wealth at 50–70 billion dollars. But if we are convinced that this is the path, we must know that capitalism cannot exist without private property. And private ownership must be complete. This has also been understood in some countries that had retained public ownership over several major branches of the economy. In Italy, they see the only way out of the crisis as the state’s withdrawal from all direct economic activities. And privatization must mean legal ownership, not taking property from the person entitled to it and giving it to someone else. Only in this way can the proper framework for capitalist development be created. We took the first step on the path to private property incorrectly. I mean the Law on Land. It was said that Albanians should be placed at an equal starting point on the road to the free market. This seems to me a naïve idea. During [ ? ] in the free market, some will get there first, becoming large owners; some will be medium-sized owners, some small owners, while others will be left at the end, entirely without property. Are we going to carry out another reform in 10 years to put Albanians back at an equal starting point? Certainly not. Then, if we accept the inequality that will result after ten years, why accept such a starting point? inequality that will result after ten years, why not start today from such a basis? Establishing an equal starting point today is a purely communist concept. We say: communism took from people the properties they had acquired through their effort and ability, qualities that will also have value during capitalist development. So let us rectify the communist confiscations and return their properties to the owners. That would be the most legitimate starting point. If we simply give them away, as we are doing with the land, we graft capitalism onto communism, and the result will be a fruitless tree, because neither will allow the other to grow. Besides, this land law does not even create equality, because in mountainous areas a farmer has received up to four times less land than a farmer in the plains. Taking Albania’s actual conditions into account, returning land to its rightful owners, as we have argued before, would in no way have constituted a social problem—the return of the feudal system—as communist propaganda has entirely portrayed it. As a result of this mistaken step, today we see defending the law on a per-person basis, as a democratic principle, those who led the struggle to serve communism, as well as all the other parliamentary parties, with the exception of the Republican Party, which has only one deputy there. We will continue our struggle to the end for the adoption of the draft law we have submitted. We will make this draft law known in every village and call for it to be discussed in every municipality, so that Parliament can see (Continued on page 2).

Old man Çarçani, terrifyingly lucid During one of Tuesday’s sessions, a pitiful scene of [ ? ] took place, one that stirred compassion. Former Prime Minister Çarçani, now living out his very old age, came down to the witness stand supported by the arm. Almost the same kind of scene had happened to wise Çarçani three years earlier, when former deputy prime ministers Nano and Çani, followed by satellite after the March 22 elections, had taken him by the arm to toss him once and for all from the grand stage of power. So old man Çarçani had been removed from the highest levels of power without understanding what was happening around him, unable to decipher what game master Alla up above and schemer Nano down below had set in motion. That was Çarçani... understanding nothing, just as he had not understood how or why he had been denounced all the way up there, frightfully high up..., while Nano calmly sat down in the prime minister’s chair to lead the Albanians toward a new order called democracy. This, then, was President Alla’s scheme, his scheme. The lower part of the image is cut off at the edge; the visible text continues: The prosecutor [asked] old man Çarçani... to keep the smoke alive, with aid to be brought by Company X from Country X. “No, I haven’t heard of him,” says the former prime minister!!! Perhaps, in the entire history of states, this is one of the rare cases where an old man of advanced age, and a sick witness... But what harm would it have done if he had remained prime minister? Besides..., who had time to concern themselves with the poor old man... The new affairs were already in the hands of... with the poor old man... The new affairs had already been taken over... Who had denounced Nano? Could there perhaps be another, earlier denunciation? A denunciation, for example, by Nano’s own friends? Let’s say, a denunciation by the Buti government; a denunciation by Buti as prime minister and Pashko as deputy, a denunciation by the stabilizers, who changed the procedure for delivering aid as soon as they came to power. Perhaps there is also a document relating to this denunciation? And documents are not easily [ ? ]. They cannot be justified, for example, with the words “a matter of principle.” Above all, let us leave this matter to the future. For now... Ramiz Alla[?] and Fatos Nano. The old man was hearing this name for the first time. Meanwhile, Fatos Nano followed his colleague’s testimony from the accused’s bench with anxiety and uncertainty, nervously changing the reporters’ tape cassettes. This was the 51st and final witness in this trial. After that, Nano’s defense team made a strange request: “We want to hear the witnesses again from the beginning,” they said(!) Although their request is strange, it seems reasonable. It seems so because some of the witnesses “had lost their memory,” while some others perhaps ought to answer for giving false testimony... Let us be specific and pose a very simple question: Is Blerim Çela the first person to have denounced Fatos relating to this denunciation? And documents are not easily [ ? ]. to the future. For now President Alla’s scheme for making Albania democratic “without blood and without hunger,” as he himself puts it. “Up to the day you were prime minister, had you ever heard the name Lev. Co?” the prosecutor asks old man Çarçani. the only case—the most unique case—in which a prime minister is not made aware that his people will Company X from Country X. At first glance the scene is as absurd as it is funny, but if you look at it calmly, you understand a very simple mechanism: in every respect, old man Çarçani is out of the picture. been taken over by master Alla and schemer Nano down below. And how could the poor old man have known, when the prime ministers... “Lev. Co? How could he have known what was going on?!!! In any case, old man Çarçani had a terrifyingly clear memory in his testimony. Unlike the clerical young man Cani, he understood everything precisely. Lev. Co. left the name Lev at his door... This? understood everything precisely. Lev. Co. left at his door HYPOTHESIS... YLLI RAKIPI The two former prime ministers.

On the occasion of the local elections to be held in Turkey on March 27, 1994, the General Directorate of Press, Publications and Information of Turkey will set up a press center in the Kavaklidere Hall at the Hilton Hotel in Ankara on March 27–28, 1994, for representatives of the Turkish and foreign press. A temporary PTT office with all communication facilities will be set up at this press center. Press representatives will be able to follow the election results as they come in. Press center numbers: Tel: (312) 4686436 Fax: (312) 4686437 Journalists wishing to obtain a green press card should call the General Directorate of Press, Publications and Information a few days in advance. Tel: (312) 4176331 Fax: (312) 4174923

(Always striving to save themselves) In post-communist Albania there was no Nuremberg. The past was idealistically accused and condemned for all the suffering; it was defined as a distant notion, although fortunately it is very close to us. close to us. For this reason, we will not stop to identify the victims, the relations and the heroes of this past by investigating among the oldest elderly people, centenarians and beyond, spared from nonsense by senility, because for now we are fresh witnesses ourselves, and [ ? ] hastened by the construction [ ? ] to condemn as we have been condemned; meanwhile, our conscience obliges us not to falsify history, and for this each person or [ ? ] must express an opinion. This axiom does not now need to be approved with the green card in the Albanian Parliament, because it has been approved in all the parliaments of the civilized world, which thus seek to assume a solemn and idealistic responsibility, as before God. Once again, we return to the idealistic attitude. In Albania, an idealistic response to the past is lifesaving when one is judging a country with a small population. But, on the other hand, this requires at least a relative understanding among all sides. Democracy in Albania today has acted in favor of the past by covering up its ugly capital, although the groans of Albanians rightly demand retribution, at least in an idealistic way: the duty and obligation to apologize, to ask pardon, to say sorry. Yet the civilized world, even after 50 years, does not hesitate to bring to trial even former secretaries and officials of the OBK, Kurt Waldhaim, who has been accused of being a Nazi spy. But for the mentality of a formerly dictatorial country like Albania, with a centralized bureaucratic power that [ ? ] and an inflated, inactive and unprofessional superstructure, idealism turns [ ? ], and from this the danger of inertia becomes clearly visible. The danger of inertia These days, in almost all the major capitals of Europe, Steven Spielberg’s film “Schindler’s List” is making its debut, and it also remains the main contender for several Oscars this year. The subject of this film is based on a true story: how, in Krakow, Poland, during the Nazi Holocaust, one man alone, the well-intentioned Schindler, managed to get about a thousand or so Jews out of [ ? ] and save them from death. The message of this film, which is also what makes it successful, is the triumph of life’s continuation in the struggle between good and evil. Albania, too, in 1994, comes after a 50-year Holocaust, which monstrously attempted to eradicate human virtue and transform Albanians into fratricidal monsters. It is impossible for the inertia of the Albanian communist Holocaust and post-Holocaust not to continue to be reflected, and since it “scriptamenton” [ ? ], it has been reflected almost entirely in the opposition press and the so-called independent or right-wing press. Freedom without restraint to stir up hatred is precisely such a reflection. These people, so brave that they fill their newspapers with every kind of verbal perversity, but yesterday, did they dare at all to use their enlightened pens to criticize even a single word by Mr. Anastasia Kondo, former chairman of the League of Writers, or former President Alia?! These people are the same, unchanged, and will never manage to become characters; today this “bravery” of theirs brings them down (Continued).

On Sunday evening, [ ? ] announced in the capital that by Monday morning Arben Alinë would be extradited to Albania. “And at the end, when he gets on the list, he will find him in front of a large crowd of curious onlookers, at the foot of the stairs of the country’s [ ? ] khamisë.” But the French refused to hand Ramiz Alinë over for extradition to France. That evening, none of Tirana’s crowds actually appeared. The many curious onlookers began to wonder whether he really had set off for France. The next day everyone found out: Arben Alia is not accepted in France. For now, the world can deal only with him in... On February 20, a harsh trial was held for all the witnesses in the Nano trial. At first I will call some witnesses in... But in the end Molotov Zeron and [ ? ] entered [ ? ] the candle to sign, saying that the UDB had testified against... President Çeka. Substitutes had not been accepted, because the UDB does not [ ? ] flee from Ramiz Alinë... They all falsified, and Arben Alinë too. Deputy... At the foot of the hills, [ ? ] let out an alert whistle. In the blink of an eye, “Italia” Square filled with Europeans holding out newspapers toward the bin. “Please respect the queue,” shouted the appointed N.—is there party discipline, or isn’t there? After the dispersal, the appointed woman disappeared in the direction of the block, only to appear again in the evening in “Italia” Square, carrying one of those flags of hers in a [ ? ]. “Alia junior will not come to Albania. Alia senior trial. At first I will call some witnesses in... KAONIKANI

• The field of laws — in the spotlight... Interview with the chairman of BSPSH, Mr. Valer Xheka, p. 3 • How properties can be returned more quickly, p. 2