SPEECH BY MR. ALEKSANDER MEKSI TO THE PD NATIONAL COUNCIL
Mr. Chairman,
Distinguished ladies and gentlemen,
Whenever we discuss the democratic coalition government itself, we must keep more firmly in mind what we set out as the basis for dividing roles in the exercise of power, which we have expressed and written down since 1992 and every time since then.
First of all, this issue is linked to governing a country that still bears within itself, in its entirety, all the evils of the previous regime, with the difficulties and obstacles that come both from the lack of basic conditions and from the country’s particular nature, as well as from general world problems that have their own influence in this case. The former democratic opposition, being committed in spirit to reform, change, and democracy, had in mind the necessity of implementing these reforms, and these reforms genuinely covered all of life in all its aspects: economic, political, social, and democratic.
It is precisely the tragedy of undertaking this in a country moving toward the so-called democratic road that until very recently had been the most closed country in Europe, with a country where the old structure still remains alive, where the major contradictions of the past are still present, where neither the mentality nor the administrative machinery suitable for these reforms existed, that makes their progress difficult.
The BIS was completely shattered from a market standpoint, closed off in terms of exchanges. Even the other Eastern countries, which had moved a step further with the private sector, [are?] entirely in such relationships, whether with the foreign market or with other elements. We were a completely exceptional country. Under such conditions it is clear that the party coming to power in a country of these dimensions, with these contradictions, being a reformist force, will necessarily encounter extraordinary difficulties.
It must not be forgotten that even in other countries, despite the support they have had, reforms have been difficult: in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and elsewhere. But we have had all of this multiplied many times over. It is enough to recall the complete lack of any stable state-building tradition, the deformation of the administration, economic ruin, the absence of law and discipline, the absence of domestic capital, the lack of market experience.
Therefore, any assessment of our government must start from these conditions, from this reality, not from wishes. This does not exclude criticism. On the contrary, criticism is necessary, but criticism must be built on truth, on facts, and on the aim of helping things move forward.
Within this framework, we must understand that the democratic coalition government has been and remains an instrument of the transition. It cannot solve overnight the wounds inherited over decades. It can lay the foundations, open the road, create the rules, stabilize the country, and guide the process of transformation.
We have taken important steps in financial stabilization, in establishing public order, in opening the economy and the country to the world, in creating a new administration, and in rebuilding relations with our international partners. These are steps whose concrete results are not always immediately visible to the public, because they take time.
At the same time, it is true that we have also had shortcomings, delays, and insufficient or late decisions. This is inevitable in such conditions, but it should not become a reason to deny the overall direction of the reforms.
There is no reform without cost, no change without clashes with old interests, no building of new institutions without mistakes. But there is one line that must be firmly maintained: Albania must definitively leave behind the failed model of the past and build a democratic and market economic order.
Our government program for 1992-93
Government program for 1992-93
The session chair before the start of the economic government program.
In implementing this program, given the opportunities and the difficulties of carrying it out, we were not in a position to continue at the same pace in all fields. On the contrary, we had to make necessary choices, set priorities, and concentrate our energies where they were most urgent. It was necessary first to stop the overall slide and establish a minimum of stability.
In 1991 the situation was dramatic. In 1992 we managed to avert a complete catastrophe, and in 1993 we laid the foundations for an initial turning point. That does not mean the difficulties were over. No. But it does mean that the country escaped the immediate risk of collapse and began to function under new rules.
For 1993 our goals were reduced and focused mainly on financial stabilization, the revival of production, supply to the market, further privatization, encouragement of investment, support for vulnerable groups, and strengthening of order. These are fundamental objectives without which it is impossible to move toward a market economy and a democratic society.
The macroeconomic policy undertaken during 1992 aimed precisely to curb inflation, ensure a minimum level of budget revenues, control the deficit, and create the conditions for the resumption of economic activity. At the same time, we had to face the deep consequences of falling production, the interruption of many economic links, the energy crisis, and social problems.
We have acted under time pressure, with limited means, often relying on foreign aid, but always with the aim of preserving the country’s sovereignty and creating internal development capacities.
Privatization is one of the main directions. It is not an end in itself, but a means of freeing productive energies, creating owners, increasing economic responsibility, and encouraging efficiency. In agriculture this process has produced faster results. In industry, trade, and services it is moving at different speeds, depending on the concrete conditions.
Special attention has been given to restoring the legal and institutional order. Without law, without administration, without functioning courts, without an effective police force, there can be neither a market nor investment nor public trust. Democracy is not only political pluralism; it is also the functioning of the state on the basis of law.
Likewise, our relations with the world have entered a new phase. Albania is no longer an isolated country. We have built bridges of cooperation with international organizations, with friendly states, with financial institutions, and with many partners. This gives us support, but also requires seriousness, responsibility, and continuity in the path of reforms.
Medium-term macroeconomic policy, 1993-96
Medium-term macroeconomic policy, 1993-96
Medium-term strategy
The program aims to achieve the release, establishment, and consolidation of the market economy. Continuity, macroeconomic stabilization, completion of privatization, and competition must be the pillars of this phase.
The main objectives are to preserve financial stability, gradually reduce inflation, increase production, expand exports, cut the budget deficit, and improve living conditions. These objectives require coordination of fiscal, monetary, and structural policies.
A decisive element remains institutional reform. Without capable institutions, without efficient administration, and without a reliable legal system, the market economy cannot function normally. Likewise, the energy, road, and communications infrastructure requires continuous intervention.
Income policy and social protection must ensure that the burden of reform does not fall in an unbearable way on the weakest groups. The state must intervene with clear mechanisms to support the unemployed, pensioners, and families in need, while encouraging employment and private initiative.
In the external sector, the aim is the integration of the Albanian economy into regional and European markets. This will require improved product quality, trade standards, financial discipline, and the competitiveness of Albanian enterprise.
Economic transformation is not a short process. It requires not only day-to-day government measures but also a clear strategic vision, social consensus, and patience. The government must continue to steer the reforms with determination and realism.
NOTICE
The Social Insurance Directorate, Tirana, informs all pensioners of all categories who retired before 1.1.1992, at 10 o’clock, to appear before the Commission, at 10 o’clock, Pension Branch, in order to carry out verifications of the specified cases. Case explanations will be given at the information desk. Further clarifications will be announced separately. Documents must be brought in full.
Special notice: gentlemen pensioners who have received partial payments must present their booklet, pension decision, and identification document.
(Note: text partially illegible in the notice column.)
Expanded meeting of the PD National Council
Unified consolidation of democratic structures and the linking of the reonsit, forces for promoting democracy in Albania