MONDAY, 14 NOVEMBER Press conference by the President of the Republic, Sali Berisha. According to President Berisha, on 6 November Albanians achieved a great victory for their democracy by giving legitimacy to the institution of the referendum. In his analysis of the “NO” vote on the Draft Constitution, President Berisha distinguishes: 1. A percentage of the votes expressed dissatisfaction with the draft constitution. 2. A percentage represented protest against the Reform, its penalties, or the slow pace of its implementation. Their message will be taken seriously into consideration. 3. A percentage represents extremism, both right-wing and left-wing. For Berisha, the 42%—see “YES”—is the locomotive of Albanian democracy; he proposes selecting one of the 15 EU models for drafting the new draft; a referendum cannot be avoided. Berisha says: “The sovereign is nonpartisan.” ■ Press conference by the chairman of the Republican Party, Sabri Godo. Mr. Godo said Parliament should elect a high-quality commission, while political forces should work conscientiously. Republican leader Godo calls for the government to be reshuffled. Godo says: “I do not understand Pellumbi’s game, according to which one Parliament should prepare the Constitution and another Parliament should approve it. In other words, this is a call for elections, and there is no need for him to say this [text cut off]. Experts, too, will make proposals in accordance with this draft for division among the respective parties.” ■ The Council of Ministers approved a decision to further strengthen the embargo, pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 820. ■ Press conference by the chairman of the PUK, Idajet Beqiri. Beqiri says: “The referendum should be held on the same day as the early elections.” Thus, Beqiri is more concerned about elections than about the constitution. ■ At a meeting of its Steering Committee, the PS called for “the violations of the constitutional provisions of 6 November to be censured. Parliament should approve the constitution; otherwise... The President should decree new early elections.” The election demand is the third item in this list, but in reality it constitutes the fixed idea of the PS leader, expressed by Pellumbi as far back as 23 March ’92. TUESDAY, 15 NOVEMBER ■ The meeting of the National Council of the PDSH decided: 1. The Constitution remains a priority for the PD. 2. The Constitution should be approved through a referendum, the Democratic Institution given legitimacy on 6 November. 3. NO to early elections. 4. Changes to the state and party administrations. THURSDAY, 17 NOVEMBER ■ Events marking the 50th anniversary of the Liberation of the Capital. ■ PD leaders at a press conference. Selami once again confirms the decisions of the National Council of the PDSH and, regarding the party talks that have been held and their prospects, says: “Consensus is difficult, but not impossible.” ■ The status of veterans of the war against the Nazis and Fascists was approved. ■ In his report to Parliament, the head of the State Audit Service, Mr. Blerim Çela, targets corruption. He identifies violations, shortcomings and abuses, and calls for decision-making powers. ■ A delegation of the National People’s Assembly of China is in Tirana. FRIDAY, 18 NOVEMBER ■ Tirana. International conference on “International Institutions and Integration.” “Europe needs a new strategy for integration with the countries of Eastern Europe.” The Institute of International and Strategic Studies of Albania has been established. ■ Van Der Stoel, CSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, stated in his report to the 29th meeting of the Committee of Senior Officials, within the framework of the CSCE Review Conference: “The rights of the Greek minority in Albania comply with the Copenhagen Convention and international standards.” ■ On the same day in London, the Greek ambassador, Janis Krendiolis, maintains that the NO vote on the constitution is a compromise over human-rights violations, alluding to violations of the rights of the Greek minority. Van Der Stoel gave the better assessment in Budapest. SATURDAY, 19 NOVEMBER ■ In an interview given to RD, PD deputy chairman Ali Spahia says: “I think that, on an issue such as the constitution, consensus must be reached among all political forces, among all Albanians.” ■ Press conference by the chairman of the Court of Cassation, Mr. Zef Brozi. Republican leader Godo wants to form the government. Godo says: I do not understand Pellumbi’s logic, according to which one Parliament should draft no reason for him to say so. Godo described Pellumbi’s demand to make the process autocratic because of the errors he had identified in the procedure for approving the Constitution as anarchic. ■ The chairpersons of the parliamentary groups of the PD, PS and PSD, at a meeting with the presidium of Parliament, unanimously decided: 1. First and foremost, to establish a parliamentary commission to draft the Draft Constitution of the Republic of Albania, with the participation of the parliamentary groups and all political forces represented in Parliament. 2. This commission will draw up its work programme and deadlines, and will report to Parliament every week on progress and the problems that arise. The commission will work primarily by consensus and, where consensus is lacking, by a two-thirds majority. 3. The Commission will also include an equal number of Albanian specialists, and constitutional experts from the Council of Europe and the Venice Commission will be invited as consultants. The Chairperson of the Presidium of Parliament, Pjeter Arbnori, presented a compromise proposal, which was accepted. Under Mr. Arbnori’s proposal, the Commission will consist of 8 PD members of parliament, 4 PS members of parliament, 2 PSD members of parliament, one PR member of parliament, one PAD member of parliament, and one PDD member of parliament. of the PD 2. Approval of the Constitution through a Referendum, a Democratic Institution made lawful in the state and party administration. WEDNESDAY, 16 NOVEMBER ■ Tirana,—activities have begun for the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the capital. And the first evening for Tirana. ■ Parliament: Socialist leaders deny the consensus that was reached. Dokle denies the consensus that was reached. Apparently, he has been forced to do so by pressure from his parliamentary group. Dokle is seeking new terms for the constitutional commission, different from those set by Parliament, even though he speaks of “respect for Parliament”?! ■ Teodor Laço resigns as chair of the PSD parliamentary group. Reason: Differences over decisions with the majority of the group on issues and positions that Mr. Laço considers matters of principle. ■ Meeting of the political forces on the Constitution and the way it is to be approved. It was chaired by the PSD leader, Gjinushi. The PD, seeking to ensure the credibility of the Constitution, proposed one of the 15 EU constitution models, a parliamentary commission made up of parliamentary and non-parliamentary political forces, as well as local and foreign specialists. Decisions in this commission should be made by a two-thirds vote and, if possible, by consensus. The PD proposed that Parliament decide to hold a referendum to approve the new draft. PDD—Constituent Assembly;

—Gjinushi: 20% of the electorate; Kallakula: 22%; Pellumbi is left with only 11%, while the rest of the 17 parties get nothing “17 parties against the constitution, immediately 17 other parties against Berisha, against the PD.” More or less, these were the most accurate headlines in the ZP leaflet before the 6 November vote on the Draft Constitution. During the campaign, the 17 parties generally held their meetings together; even when a meeting was organized by just one party, supporters of all the parties opposed to the constitution would turn up. 6 November passed, placing 53% “No” on one side and 42% “Yes” on the other. Everything was normal: Albanians voted on a draft constitution they liked. Some were certainly influenced by party propaganda; others, bearing in mind how the forces were aligned, expressed protest with their vote. In any case, the object of reflection represented by all these votes remained the draft constitution. But what happened? Immediately after the results were announced, some of the parties aligned against the constitution interpreted the “No” votes as their own votes. Most brazenly, the PS representatives presented themselves and did not hesitate to describe the rejection of the Draft as their political victory. On the basis of this logic, they declared that the time had come to meet their long-standing demand (dating from 23 March 1992) for early elections. The PS’s demands forgot... [text continues] PBDNJ — The draft should be approved by an Assembly or in Parliament, and then by referendum; PS — demanded condemnation of the referendum and that the commission’s composition be proportional to the referendum results; demanded that the draft be approved in Parliament. PAD — demands identical to those of the PS. PSD — agreed with the composition of the commission proposed by the PD, but the draft should first be approved in Parliament and then by referendum. PR — agreed with the commission and left room for discussion of the approval procedure. THURSDAY, 17 NOVEMBER ■ prospects, says: “Consensus is difficult, but not impossible.” ■ and Fascists was approved. ■ shortcomings and abuses, and calls for decision-making powers. ■ in Tirana. FRIDAY, 18 NOVEMBER [Article column:] “17 parties against the constitution, immediately 17 other parties...” [The source text is garbled here.] The others, however, do not agree with Pellumbi. For example, Kallakula assigns 22% to the PDD in this vote, and this view may be significant if one considers that most of the protest vote went to the PDD. On the other hand, there is also Gjinushi, who claims 20% of the 53 percent. Thus, the PS representatives are left with only 11%, without even counting the share of the other 17 parties, which Pellumbi in fact does not take into consideration at all. So how will the PS representatives justify their demands? Can they tell us what percentage, in their view, Albanians gave as a vote for the PS—that is, neither against the constitution, nor as a protest, nor for the other 16 parties, but simply for G. Ruçi, N. Dokle, L. Hajdaraga and S. Pellumbi? Perhaps there is a section of the PS leadership that can give an accurate answer to this. It would be good for the PS representatives to redo their calculations in their own interest too, because if the figures above are true, they would be better off keeping the percentage they currently have in Parliament. EDI PALOKA The report devotes considerable space to education. “In principle,” the document concludes, “the requests...” [The source text breaks off and repeats fragments here.]

AFP THE RIGHTS OF THE GREEK MINORITY IN ALBANIA ARE GUARANTEED Max Van Der Stoel, High Commissioner of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), presented on Friday in Budapest, before the Committee of Senior Officials of this European institution, an encouraging report on the Greek minority in Albania. Van Der Stoel, who has been to Albania several times, notes with satisfaction “that people of both Greek and Albanian nationality whom he met in southern Albania stated, without exception, that at the local level and in their individual contacts” there is no sign of interethnic tension. “I have the impression that fears of an increasing exodus of members of the Greek minority to Greece, because of the general political climate in Albania, do not seem justified.” The main reason for departures is economic, Van Der Stoel says. document concludes, “the requirements concerning the educational rights of persons belonging to national minorities (...) have been met,” in accordance with CSCE documents and other international standards. REUTER MAX VAN DER STOEL PRAISES THE TREATMENT OF THE GREEK COMMUNITY IN ALBANIA Greeks were also on the agenda when Max Van Der Stoel, CSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, announced that the ethnic Greek community in Albania generally enjoys favourable treatment. Relations between Greece and Albania have several times been strained over the treatment of national minorities. Van Der Stoel told reporters that Albania has made great strides in improving educational opportunities in their mother tongue for ethnic Greeks, addressing their main concern, but that further improvements can still be made. He said he was unable to investigate the status of ethnic Albanians in (Continued on page 2) Following Mr. Van Der Stoel’s report

BLEDI KASMI The international conference on “International Institutions and Integration. The Need for an Integration Strategy towards the Countries of Eastern Europe” continued its proceedings yesterday at the Palace of Congresses, with yesterday’s sessions. At yesterday’s proceedings, conference participants focused on the problems Eastern European countries face in achieving their full integration into Europe. Discussions among experts from various countries centred mainly on the Balkan crisis, respect for minority rights, NATO’s role in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe, and the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Dr. Ettore Greco, representative of IAI in Rome, stressed the great importance of developing the economies of Eastern European countries for their full integration into Europe. Speaking about NATO’s role, Dr. Greco, who played a very important part in the “Partnership for Peace” agreement, described it as a security guarantee that NATO gives to the countries that have signed it. “This agreement aims to adapt NATO rules in the countries that have signed it,” Greco stressed. Hyseni Bagi, representative of Turkey’s Foreign Policy Institute, devoted particular attention in his speech to the Balkan crisis and especially the war in Bosnia. He also said that “respect for minority rights is of great importance in maintaining peace in the Balkan region.” Benedetto Amari, a representative of Italy’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, mentioned the assistance Italy has given and will give to Eastern European countries in achieving their full integration: “Albania is a European country, just like Belgium; Romania, likewise, is a European country, just like Norway. Therefore, we must help these countries remove all the economic and political barriers that impede their full integration,” Amari stressed at the end of his speech. Many representatives of international institutions from Germany, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Bulgaria, etc., also spoke at the conference. Yesterday was the final day of the International Conference on European Integration.

Following Mr. Van Der Stoel’s report FROM THE BBC —Following the presentation of the report on the condition of the Greek minority in Albania by before the Conference in Budapest, Greek ambassador and head of the official delegation to the CSCE Dimitris Neziritis reacted. Asked by our correspondent whether the report offered a very positive outlook for the Greek minority in Albania, the Greek ambassador replied: “We did not speak on this report; the European Community spoke on our behalf and strongly urged the Albanian government to fulfil the recommendations of the CSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. The report [says that] the situation is not ideal, but we do not want to obstruct the work of the High Commissioner. I do not want to say what to say, because my colleagues, regarding the situation in Albania, are somewhat limited, but in a more general sense Albania does not appear [garbled text] ethnic [minorities] in their mother tongue, addressing their main concern, but unable to investigate the status of ethnic Albanians in Jugüstikar.” says. document concludes, “the requests...” [The source text becomes garbled and includes unrelated repeated text about recalculating parliamentary percentages.] Asked how he explained his superior, Foreign Minister Karolos Papulias’s position that there is no Albanian minority in Greece, Ambassador Neziritis replied: “This is a fact, not a position. Before the Second World War, a relatively large Albanian community or minority existed in northern Greece. You know that during that war we were occupied by the Axis powers, and this minority played an active role in supporting the fascist and Nazi elements that occupied northern Greece. When the war ended, as happened in other countries, this minority returned to Albania (Continued on page 2)

KASEM SEFERI Whenever the problem of corruption is discussed—a phenomenon also visible in modern society, but very widespread and troubling in Albanian reality—unfortunately, special importance is often assigned to the bodies organized within administrative institutions to fight corruption. I emphasize that such institutional bodies are of great importance when they are provided for, but not in every case. Often, the causes of institutional corruption cannot be remedied through administrative intervention. Thus, where violations of activities that must comply with the law are concerned, current legislation has clearly established what the violations are and what administrative measures apply in cases of offences and violations. But the same is not true of the punishment of state officials, or of the body, organization or institution where the state employee works. In cases of corruption and fraud, fiscal legislation sets out what applies to natural and legal persons, domestic or foreign, when they violate the law, but says nothing about what an employee of the tax authorities, customs service or financial police should pay when, through a legal violation, he causes... (Continued on page 2)

- Brozi does not deny having assaulted members of the Court of Cassation - In breach of constitutional provisions, he proposed to Parliament as a member of the Court of Cassation a judge without judicial experience - He gives vague explanations regarding the scandal involving his nephew and his car - He does not answer the question: “Are you making a commotion to cover up the scandals that should be attracting Parliament’s attention?” Yesterday morning, in one of the premises of the Court of Cassation, its President, Mr. Zef Brozi, held a press conference for journalists. In his statement regarding the Republic, Mr. Sali Berisha, the fight against corruption and changes in the state apparatus. I am convinced that carrying out the tasks set out by the PD National Council will mark a major step towards creating a democratic climate as it takes hold, and towards the concrete fight against corruption,” Mr. Brozi continued. Referring to the press, among other things he said: “No one should or can deny the achievements of these three years of democracy.” I welcome the initiative of the PD and of the President of the

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All Chairpersons and Secretaries of FRPD branches in the districts are hereby notified that on Monday, 21 November 1994, at 11:00, the National Council of the FRPD will meet in the hall of the PDSH Central Headquarters. Take urgent measures to ensure that no one is absent. THE FRPD PRESIDENCY