Around 700 million dollars — the debt the democratic government inherited from the communist regime
The democratic government took on the task that, within that same year, 41 foreign decision-making banks also created through the unlawful actions of the communist regime
Second: the IMF value for the indicator of the four economic factors. It gave the Albanian government an assessment of the calm of the countries in the region overall, as well as of economic growth.
Second: after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the destruction of the communist system in Albania, a heavy financial burden was inherited from the previous regime. By the end of 1991, external liabilities had reached a very high level and were weighing on the national economy.
Based on official figures, the total value of external debt was around 500 million dollars. This included obligations to foreign governments and private creditors. These liabilities had been created by the previous regime through numerous economic and financial agreements.
By the end of 1993, the situation changed. The inherited debt was recalculated and determined to have reached around 700 million dollars. This amount included not only the principal, but also accumulated interest and penalties built up over the years.
Based on assessments by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the Albanian government drew up a special strategy for dealing with this debt. Negotiations were held with creditor governments and banks, with the aim of restructuring and settling the obligations.
To implement this strategy, the government set as a priority restoring the confidence of international creditors in Albania. This meant macroeconomic stabilization, curbing inflation, increasing production, and establishing fiscal discipline.
In addition to agreements with creditor governments, the government also began talks with foreign commercial banks. Obligations stemming from short-term financing, credit lines, as well as overdue interest, were addressed.
A large part of these obligations had arisen from unlawful, abusive, and irresponsible actions by the communist regime. Among them are undelivered supplies, loans inconsistent with their intended purpose, and contracts signed without real economic guarantees.
The democratic government undertook to conclude the basic agreements with creditors within a relatively short period of time. This was considered crucial for Albania’s return to the international capital markets and for creating conditions for new investment.
It was also intended that debt repayment be carried out without undermining domestic economic reforms, without harming vulnerable social groups, and without hindering the privatization process. The government stressed that the burden inherited from communism could not stand in the way of building a market economy.
Within this framework, agreements were reached with 41 foreign decision-making banks. These agreements represented an important step toward normalizing Albania’s financial relations with the world.
The negotiation process was accompanied by detailed checks of financial documentation and the identification of responsibility for the creation of the debt. It was emphasized that a substantial part of it stemmed from closed, non-transparent practices outside any public oversight.
As a result, dealing with the foreign debt was not merely a financial issue, but also a necessary process for cleansing the heavy legacy of the communist regime and for definitively orienting the country toward the open market economy.