After two weeks of vacation, classes resumed these days in all categories of schools. During the first semester, it was noted that many and more fruitful efforts had been made toward logical and active learning, in the struggle against passive, reproductive and mechanical learning. This objective is also served by a more comprehensive scientific conception of the managerial, supervisory, training and study activities of the education authorities, district sections and pedagogical offices, with the fundamental aim of raising the level, efficiency and quality of the teaching and educational process. Work to establish a number of teaching offices and laboratories, as well as the construction of thousands of teaching aids by the schools themselves, also served this purpose. Despite these achievements, much remains to be done. Naturally, the first main task is to deepen further the achievements and positive experiences, and to fight to eliminate the shortcomings and gaps that have been identified. Inspections have shown that in quite a few cases there are irregularities in the assessment of pupils and unjustified grades are given, as is clearly evident from the differences between inspections. Such cases have been observed at the eight-year schools in Mbostrat, Cakran, Suk and «5 dhjetori» in the district of Fier, at the schools in Shëngjin, Burimas, Fushas and Gërdec in the district of Tirana, etc. Also noteworthy is the fact that many first-year students at institutions of higher education have achieved poor results in the current examination session, especially in mathematics examinations at the Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, as well as in various subjects. In some vocational schools, particularly agricultural secondary schools, cooperation between specialist teachers and teachers of theoretical subjects in providing pupils with the necessary theoretical and professional education leaves much to be desired. The fact that, last year, only 18 percent of graduating pupils from the agricultural secondary schools of Region No. 4 in the district of Tirana met the grade requirement for admission to higher education (not to mention that the pass rate among those admitted to ILB is also low) speaks clearly of insufficient mastery of knowledge. In some agricultural secondary schools, such as those in Orenjë, Dorëz and Librazhd, as well as in several other districts, there are no crop-collection gardens at all, or they contain only a very small number of agricultural crops. Vocational placements and productive work often suffer from formalism; there is a lack of clarity in the conception and implementation of many related issues; teachers are poorly prepared and proceed without keeping diaries, while pupils do not keep notebooks on the processes they carry out. Moreover, there are many cases in which work processes are not carried out in accordance with the curriculum. The effectiveness of work toward active, logical and creative learning is reflected in the concrete efficiency and quality of the teaching and educational process at school. But can we speak of effectiveness when, for example, the secondary school in Karkavec, Librazhd, has produced no candidates for higher education for two years running? Meanwhile, in the Ministry of Education’s study of eight secondary schools in this district, pupils in around 85 percent of the schools are assessed in mathematics and chemistry Fier, in the schools of Shëngjin, Burimas, Fushasht and Gërdec in the district of Tirana, etc. The fact, too, that quite a number of first-year students at higher-education institutions in mathematics examinations at the Faculty of Mechanical-Electrical Engineering of UT «Enver Hoxha», etc., also speaks to the effectiveness of assessment in secondary schools. The experience of the first semester has revealed that in some subjects there are pupils who have not properly mastered the main concepts and cannot explain or apply in practice the knowledge they have acquired theoretically; they are unable to answer many of the questions designed to assess their understanding. This is because the teaching aids are used little or not at all in some cases. In other cases, it is evident that advanced methods that encourage independent, logical and creative thinking are not used. Pupils are only slightly involved in evaluating the phenomena and technologies covered in the educational subjects example, the secondary school of Karkavec in Librazhd has not produced a single candidate for higher education for two years running? Meanwhile, a study by the Ministry of Education in 8 secondary schools in this district found that around 85 percent of pupils are awarded grades 4 and 5 in mathematics and chemistry. Similar problems exist in other schools in various districts of the country. What do the education sections do in such cases? And the pedagogical offices? Are these not work priorities for the Party’s primary organizations in education? The district Party committees, especially their secretaries for education, are required to take a greater and more scientific role in training and directing school work, treating it not as secondary or occasional work, but as fundamental work and a first-order problem, relating to the formation of the new person and to the very fate of the country’s socialist construction.

WORK AT THE INDUSTRIAL ASSEMBLY ENTERPRISE IN TIRANA (Photo: N. Xhufka)

Interview with Comrade Foto Çami, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party and Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the People’s Assembly, given last night to Albanian Radio and Television Question: Yesterday, and again today, Italian state television reported that the so-called winds of change from the East are blowing in Albania and that demonstrations had allegedly taken place in Shkodër and elsewhere, etc. How do you assess these kinds of reports, Comrade Foto? Answer: How should I assess them? I can find no better word than slander. In recent days, anti-Albanian fabrications from abroad have increased; indeed, everyone is trying to make up as much as possible. Belgrade Radio and the Yugoslav News Agency say that a demonstration took place in Shkodër. Vatican Radio goes further and says there was an uprising. Greek chauvinist forces and reactionary clerics are spreading the lie that four young members of the minority were supposedly killed at the border, dragged along by a tractor. A Western news agency says that several people were hanged in the middle of Tirana, Shkodër, Vlorë and elsewhere, and left hanging from the gallows for a whole week. That is what it is: a competition in slander. Sports competitions are not the only kind! Question: Why is this campaign being waged, and who has an interest in it? Answer: The purpose is clear. They want what happened in the countries of the East to happen in Albania too. They want «Bali Kombëtar», the «aghas and beys», oppression and exploitation to return. This is the democracy they want to establish in Albania! Who has an interest in that? Obviously, those who do not want Albania to be free, independent and sovereign! The leading role in weaving slanders against Albania has been taken on by TANJUG and the Serbian press in Belgrade. It is clear why. They want to divert the world’s attention from the oppression of Kosovo, from the trials and the growing discrimination, and from the crises and conflicts that have broken out in Yugoslavia. They want to discredit Albania in order to increase the pressure and violence against Albanians in Yugoslavia. That is why we are not surprised that the most fantastic reports are concocted in Belgrade. What does surprise us, and is regrettable, is that Italian Radio and Television, which is said to be serious, believes them and becomes a propagandist for these fabrications. Question: Naturally, the slanders directed against Albania do not require a response, but they have aroused deep anger and indignation among our people. Answer: That is so, but they also have one benefit: they spur us to raise our vigilance, defend our freedom, independence and sovereignty, increase our commitment to working harder for the good of the homeland and socialism, and strengthen and steel our unbreakable unity and our determination to move forward along the path we have chosen ourselves.

Earliness is ensured through daily work — FIER — The main suppliers of vegetables to the city of Fier are the state agricultural enterprises «Qëllimi», Grecallia and Levani, and the surrounding agricultural cooperatives. The year 1990 began with a new target for vegetables: to provide a further 1,300 kv of vegetables for export. To this end, the necessary materials have been secured for 6 ha of heated greenhouses, another 6 ha of greenhouses covered with plastic, and 170 ha to be planted with vegetables in the open fields. These materials include plastic sheeting and glass, and the entire quantity of organic fertilizer has been delivered to the edge of the fields. Care is being taken to implement the technology. With work being intensified and production doubled, fertilizers too are being distributed according to plan. Shano Sulejmani, head of the vegetable and greenhouse sector at the Grecallia state agricultural enterprise, says: «I say this because we ourselves have gained experience. Last year we produced 2,000 kv of vegetables more than planned, and the planned target for sales of vegetables for export was met. Here in this sector, one can see the good work that has begun to produce the planned 19,500 kv of vegetables.» are the NB «Qilimi», Grecallia, with a new target for the vegetable growers of the farms that have heated greenhouses. They will apply the experience of the Koplik greenhouses in the district of Shkodër to plant their greenhouses this year. - The possibilities for this are,

— BERAT — — Last year export targets were exceeded by 2,200 kv, with yields of 1,700–1,800 kv of vegetables per hectare. Of these, 1,300–1,400 kv were for export, bringing in 74,000 dollars per hectare. — When we asked Tomor Rehovica, chief agronomist of the Lapardha agricultural cooperative in Berat, how they were working to meet these targets, especially the export targets, which are increasing almost threefold, he said that our foundation is the achievements of and on the 170 ha that will be planted with vegetables in open fields, the necessary materials have been secured, such as solar panels, glass and plastic; all the organic manure has been brought to apply the technology correctly. As work is intensified to double production, fertilizers are also being distributed according to a special rate. 1,200 quintals of organic manure per ha have been secured for the plastic-covered greenhouses, as well as 400 quintals per ha for open-field plantings. (Continued on page 2) When asked how work is progressing to meet this year’s tasks—especially the export targets, which are increasing almost threefold—Tomor Rehovica, chief agronomist of the Llapardhasë agricultural cooperative in Berat, said that their foundation is the progress achieved so far and the experience gained, particularly in recent years. What is this experience? The vegetable growers of Llapardhasë have distinguished themselves in the use of heated and solar greenhouses. This is due, first, to early planting, quality soil preparation, the use of 1,800–2,000 quintals of organic manure, the twice-yearly use of the greenhouses, and the rigorous application of technology, particularly crop treatments. Spraying with zinëp is carried out every 7–8 days to protect the plants from diseases and pests. Every year, the plan and export targets have been met and exceeded. Last year, for example, export targets were exceeded by 2,200 quintals of tomatoes, leeks, cucumbers, etc. In the heated greenhouses, tomatoes and cucumbers together yielded 1,800 quintals per ha. Of these, 1,400 quintals were sent for export, generating an average of 74 thousand dollars per ha. This good experience has given the leaders, specialists and cooperative members of Llapardhasë confidence and encouragement to meet and exceed their targets this year as well. Thus, in the spirit of the Sukth campaign held recently, the vegetable growers have stepped up their efforts by intensifying care in the heated greenhouses; they have taken measures and are working to repair the solar greenhouses, transplant seedlings into cubes, and have completed sowing the seedbeds for early field tomatoes. From conversations with the vegetable growers of this farm, one thing is clear: they are convinced that the scientific use of greenhouses is a major source of production and income. ASLLAN SARAÇI

— PËRMET — The set target is to produce and consume 150 kg of vegetables per capita. Greenhouse production plays an important role in ensuring a year-round supply of vegetables. The experience of last year is commendable across all the district’s agricultural enterprises. The supply of fresh vegetables was ensured two months earlier than with the usual planting. The Mërtinj agricultural cooperative is in a mountainous area, but it chose the right location and soil, and its careful, dedicated people were the first to bring out a cucumber crop, on April 17. Kosina, Ballaban, Katundishta, etc., also distinguished themselves. To generalize the experience of the best producers and discuss the measures that need to be taken now, the district agriculture section held a meeting with the foremen and specialists working in the greenhouse brigade of the state agricultural enterprise. The 155 ha of heated, plastic-covered and solar greenhouses make up a «green complex» in Durrës, from which agricultural workers are striving to obtain greater yields this year. Planting tomatoes in the heated greenhouses was completed on time, and they are in good condition. They are receiving intensive care so that this year the harvest can be brought forward by 10–15 days. Cucumbers have been planted in 6 ha of heated greenhouses and are thriving. Tomato seedbeds have been sown for all types of greenhouses. Their transplanting is now under way, with the aim of completing the planting of these seedlings in solar and plastic-covered greenhouses by March 5. At the same time, measures are being taken to repair and cover the greenhouses with polyethylene; the work being carried out is expected to be completed by the end of this month. This will make it possible to complete soil preparation in these greenhouses by February 15 and the planting of 100 ha by March 10. (Continued on page 2) up a «green combine» in Durrës, where Planting of tomatoes in the heated greenhouses has been planted in 6 ha of heated greenhouses, and they are doing well. Tomato seedbeds have been planted for all types of greenhouses. Their transplanting is now underway, in the solar and plastic-covered greenhouses by 5 March. the greenhouses and cover them with polyethylene; given the work underway, this task will be completed within this month. This will make it possible to finish preparing the soil in these greenhouses by 15 February and complete the planting of 100 ha by 10 March. Also, this year in Durrës, 6 ha of new plastic-covered greenhouses will be built to further increase production both for export and for domestic consumption. Efforts are being stepped up to complete their construction by the end of February so that the greenhouses can be fully utilized this year. Their material supplies have been secured. The seedlings are ready, too. In general, a special task force has been set up to give priority to this issue and monitor efforts to increase vegetable production for export and domestic consumption. The Sukth agricultural enterprise stands out in particular for its good work, with its tomatoes and cucumbers in satisfactory condition, as do the agricultural cooperatives of Rashbull, Lekaj, Rrogoxhinë, etc. SOTIRAQ GJORDENI (Continued on page 2)

Yesterday, the Chairman of the Presidium of the People’s Assembly of the People’s Socialist Republic of Albania, Comrade Ramiz Alia, received the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People’s Republic of Poland to the People’s Socialist Republic of Albania, Vladislav Ciaston, who presented his credentials. Those attending the ceremony for the presentation of credentials included Foreign Minister Reis Malile, Secretary of the Presidium of the People’s Assembly Sihat Tozaj, director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Andon Berxholi, and others. The ambassador was accompanied by diplomats from the Embassy of the People’s Republic of Poland in Tirana. (ATSH)

Among the collectives of economic enterprises in the district of Dibër that are reaching their targets most quickly for the period 1–10 January are those of the «Ramiz Varvarica» mechanical workshop in this city. They have worked with productivity 1 percent higher, exceeding the overall industrial output target by 0.5 percent. Work norms have also been exceeded. This year, 20 new spare parts will be produced for mines, beneficiation plants, etc. Merely by revising the standards for the use of various materials such as sheet metal, cast iron, electrodes, etc., around 60 thousand lekë will be saved. The norms for 600 work operations will also be revised. Priority will also be given to meeting targets that support agricultural cooperatives. Thus, within the first 6 months, stone-washing machines will be installed there, and by the end of the year, 3 more cableways. (ATSH)

- FIER - The main suppliers of vegetables to the city of Fier are the NB «Qilimi», Grecallia, Levani, and the surrounding agricultural cooperatives.

WORKER HYSEN TURHANI IS AMONG THE MOST DISTINGUISHED AT THE MECHANICAL WORKSHOP OF QYTETI STALIN. (Photo: N. Xhufka) WORKER HYSEN TURHANI IS AMONG THE MOST DISTINGUISHED AT THE MECHANICAL WORKSHOP OF QYTETI STALIN. (Photo: N. Xhufka)

● We are moving forward along the path we have chosen ourselves (p. 1). ● The masses know the merits of the cadres well (p. 2). ● Less effect, more musicality (p. 3). ● The «reform» of apartheid and reality (p. 4).